NCTS & NCU Spring Course in Mathematical Biology
Reaction-Diffusion Models and Bifurcation Theory
     Instructor: Junping Shi 史峻平
Email: junpingshi@gmail.com

Lecture place: Lecture Room B of National Center for Theoretical Sciences 4th Floor, The 3rd General Building, National Tsing Hua University
Lecture Time: Tuesday 2-5pm; Office Hours: Monday 3-5pm or by appointment (Office: NCTS 4th floor C20)
Course webpage: http://jxshix.people.wm.edu/2013-taiwan/course.htm

Lecture syllabus: Systems of advection-reaction-diffusion partial differential equations have been used to model various natural phenomena. In mathematical models of natural phenomena or scientific experiments, system variables often tend to equilibrium or oscillatory states. When certain system parameters are perturbed, new patterned states may emerge from known trivial or homogenous states as a result of symmetry breaking, which is called a bifurcation. This course intends to introduce the basic mathematical models of reaction-diffusion systems, bifurcation theory in an infinite dimensional framework, and demonstrate application of abstract theory in various mathematical models with spatial or physiologically structure, such as systems of ordinary differential equations, reaction-diffusion systems, integro-differential equations, and discrete matrix models. Both local bifurcation based on implicit functional theorem and global bifurcation based on topological degrees will be explored. Models from ecology, chemical reactions, epidemics, and morphogenesis pattern formation will be used as examples. The lectures are intended for beginning or advanced graduate students in mathematics, or researchers in natural sciences with good mathematical background. Students should be familiar with basic ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations, and knowledge in elementary functional analysis and mathematical biology will also be helpful but not required. Homework assignment will be given weekly.

Course Plan:
1. ODE models from sciences
2. ODE techniques review
3. Diffusion, advection and cross-diffusion models
4. Delay, chemotaxis and nonlocal models
5. Linear stability (ODE, reaction-diffusion models)
6. Linear stability (delay models)
7. Numerical simulations
8. Analytic bifurcation theory for stationary problems
9. Turing bifurcation and pattern formation
10. Global bifurcation for stationary problems
11. Hopf bifurcation
12. Dynamical system approach

Lecture notes in ODE (in simplified Chinese)
an old lecture notes about reaction-diffusion equation (2001-2006)
Book manuscript (Chap1-3) (2009)
Notes in bifurcation theory
Lecture schedule

Day
Content
Slides
Homework
References
Software
Wiki
2/26
Basic and examples from ODEs
Lecture 1 Homework 1

solution
Noy-Meir Jour Ecology 1975
Solow Quart Jour Econ 1956
Scheffer Nature 2001
Rosenzweig 1971 Science
Hsu 1978 Math Biosci
Wang-Shi-Wei 2011 JMB
Jiang-Shi 2009 book chapter
alpha
pplane

Matlab:
pplane
bifurcation
Bifurcation   Buckling
Catastrophe theory
Hopf bifurcation
periodic orbit
Routh-Hurwitz criterion
3/5
Models in growth and interaction
Lecture 2
Homework 2

solution
Sigmund review
Tyson-Othmer, 1978
Eigen-Shuster, 1978
Angeli et.al. 2004
Craciun et.al. 2006
Matlab:
logistic
van der pol
lorenz
Heinz von Foerster logistic equation
Gompertz curve Hill function
sigmoid function Michaelis–Menten
Generalised logistic function
Allee effect rate equation
autocatalytic reaction
Gierer-Meinhardt model
self-organization Laozi hypercycle
Quasispecies model origin of life
Five elements (Chinese)
3/12
Diffusion and advection
Lecture 3
Homework 3

solution
Einstein 1905 (Brownian)
Fisher 1937
Skellam 1951

Matlab:
random walk 
random walk 2d
random walk 3d
Brownian motion
Binomial dis
Normal dis
heat eq 1
heat eq 2
vector calculus Laws of science
Continuity equation
Diffusion Molecular diffusion 
diffusion coefficient Fick's law
Fourier's law heat equation
Laplace operator  random walk 
Brownian motion binomial distribution   
Normal Distribution error function
Fisher's equation shape of drum
3/19
Numerical methods, cross-diffusion
chemotaxis, nonlocal models
Lecture 4
Homework 4

solution
Keller-Segal,1970,
1971a, 1971b
Shigesada et.al. 1979
Ni 1998 Hillen-Painter 2009
Hutson et.al 2003
Matlab:
KPP Neumann
KPP Dirichlet
KPP advection
Brusellator
Finite difference method
Chemotaxis nonlocal equation

3/26
Stability in reaction-diffusion equations
Lecture 5
Homework 5

solution
Sweers 2000 Max. principle
Matano 1979
Henry 1981, Smoller 1982

Banach space Compact operator
Sobolev embedding
maximum principle Schauder estimates
4/2
Stability of constant steady state
Lecture 6 Homework 6

solution
Turing 1952 Hsu 2005 TJM
Yi-Wei-Shi 2009 JDE
Zhao 2009 CAMQ

Gierer-Meinhardt model

4/9
Abstract bifurcation theory
Lecture 7 Homework 7

solution
Banach 1922 Hamilton 1982 BAMS
Crandall-Raninowitz 1971 JFA
Crandall-Raninowitz 1973 ARMA
Shi 1999 JFA Liu-Shi-Wang 2007 JFA
Liu-Shi-Wang 2013 JFA

contraction mapping theorem
implicit function theorem
Banach Banach manifold
immersion submersion
4/16
Application of local bifurcation,
Global bifurcation
Lecture 8 Homework 8

solution
Shi-Shivaji 2006 JMB
Rabinowitz 1971 JFA
Rabinowitz 1972 lecture notes
Shi-Wang 2009 JDE

Mawhin 1999 review of LS degree
4/23
More Examples of Global bifurcation
Lecture 9 Homework 9

solution
Arino et.al 2003
van den Driessche Watmough 2002, MB
Wang-Zhao 2012 SIAM-ADS
Wang-Liu-Shi-del Rio, 2013, JMB

Epidemic model basic reproduction number

4/30
Hopf bifurcation
Lecture 10 Homework 10

solution
Hopf, 1942 (English translation)
Marsden-McCracken, 1976, book
Crandall-Rabinowitz 1977 ARMA
Alexander-Yorke 1978 AMJ
Golubitsky-Rabinowitz comment

Hopf bifurcation periodic orbit
E. Hopf
5/7
Delay differential equations
Lecture 11
Chen-Shi-Wei, 2013, JNS   Shi, 2013, survey paper
Ruan 2006 survey paper   Smith 2011 book
Mackey-Glass, 1977 Science Gurney et.al.1978, Nature

George Evelyn Hutchinson
Mackey-Glass equation
5/14
Delayed reaction-diffusion equations
Lecture 12
Su-Wei-Shi, 2009, JDE  Su-Wei-Shi, 2012, JDDE
Chen-Shi, 2012, JDE Atiyah 2011 Wang Yuan 2011

数学传播 数学文化
Michael Atiyah Cliff Taubes Yuan Wang

 
Math biology reference books
Math biology survey papers
Classical Math biology papers
Software

How to a find a reference

1. Google Scholar (free but may be not precise)
2. Science Citation Index (not free but accessible in most universities)
3. MathSciNet (not free but accessible in most universities)
4. Journal list for math biology and nonlinear science

Software

Matlab, Pplane(a Matlab package for phase plane), MatCont (a Matlab package for bifurcation/continuation), AUTO, XPPAUT